Multiple myeloma is a form of blood cancer that targets the plasma cells (a type of white blood cell) within the bone marrow. or is a commonly used proteasome inhibitor for the treatment of myeloma. Proteasomes are protein molecules present in all cells that contribute significantly to cellular function and growth. Cancer cells are highly responsive to , which destroys them and stops their growth.
Basics of ()
A member of a drug family known as proteasome inhibitors, became the first FDA-approved medication used in the treatment of cancer. The FDA specifically approved the use of this proteasome inhibitor for the treatment of multiple myeloma as well as mantle cell lymphoma in the United States.
How () Works
is prescribed as an introductory therapy for individuals who are eligible for high-dose chemotherapy and a stem-cell transplant as well as patients who are not.
As an initial step in treatment, is usually taken in conjunction with , which is a corticosteroid typically used to destroy myeloma cells. may also be included in a 3-drug cocktail, which may also include drugs such as and .
is prescribed on its own or in conjunction with numerous myeloma-fighting medications to patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Doctors may also recommend to patients who have had success with a treatment protocol that contained and had a relapse within 6 months upon completion of the treatment.
/ may also be prescribed as a form of maintenance therapy as it has been proven to increase reaction rates after initial treatment with or without additional treatment such as chemotherapy, according to preliminary findings.
hinders the growth and endurance of myeloma cells, leading to their destruction. Studies also show that can dramatically alleviate bone health in patients with multiple myeloma. In fact, can have a positive impact on a patient’s bone health regardless of whether their cancer responds to the medication.
Are there any side effects?
The side effects of () appears to differ person to person and may be influenced by a patient’s particular stage of the disease. However, the most commonly reported side effects are diarrhea, constipation, nausea, decreased platelet counts, low counts of white blood cells, anemia, neuropathy, lethargy, fever, rashes, and a decreased appetite.
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